Making Presentations & Forms Accessible

Built-in slide layouts have content placeholders (the boxes you use to type text) that automatically make sure that the reading order works for everyone.

Video: Apply or Change a Slide Layout

• Creates order in your presentation.
• Allows screen reader users to easily navigate the presentation, and to know what slide they are on.
• Select the Title content placeholder and type in a title that is different from all other titles in your presentation.

Video: Unique Slide Titles

• Using strong color contrast allows people with low vision to see your content easier.
• See Checking for Color Contrast for examples and tips on appropriate color contrast.
• To check contrast, use the WebAIM contrast checker.

Highest Contrast

Complementary colors (those opposite each other on the color wheel) provide the highest color contrast, making them ideal for text and graphics color.

Lowest Contrast

Analogous colors (those next to each other on the color wheel) provide the lowest contrast and should be avoided.

• Use a larger size (18 pt+) sans serif font.
• Justified text is more difficult to read because of extra space between the words.
• Adjust the text and alignment by going to the Home tab and changing the font type, font size, and the alignment as needed.

• Screen readers scan for links, so informative link text is helpful.
• Helpful hint: Use the title of the page as the linked text.

To add a hyperlink:

• Select the text or image.
• From the Insert tab, select Link.
• In the Insert Hyperlink box, paste the URL address in the “Address” box.
• Click OK.

Video: Add a Hyperlink to a Slide

• Screen readers scan for links, so informative link text is helpful.
• Helpful hint: Use the title of the page as the linked text.

Add or edit alt text:

• Select an image, drawing, or graphic.
• Right click > Alt text.
• Enter a description.
• Click OK.

Video: Improve Image Accessibility in PowerPoint

Closed captioning is also required for pre-recorded multimedia that contains audio. There are several ways to caption multimedia:

• How to Request Captioning from a Vendor
• Multimedia (See DIY Captioning Sections)

If videos are used in your presentation, audio description (narration added to the soundtrack) will be required for any important visual details that are not verbally described in the video soundtrack.

Follow the instructions in Multimedia – Creating Accessible Videos to make sure your videos are accessible.

• Use tables for presenting data, not for changing the visual layout of the page.
• Include a heading row (rather than starting with data in the first row) because screen readers automatically read the first row as a heading row.
• Screen readers also use header row information to identify rows and columns.
• Using tables and headers in PowerPoint can help you create an accessible table in your presentation.

Reading order is very important to those who use screen readers because it ensures that the user receives the information in the order you intended. PowerPoint automatically defaults to the order in which you insert boxes on your slide.

Use the instructions listed in Set the Reading Order of PowerPoint Slide Contents to help you set or rearrange the reading order of your slides.

Choose from pre-defined themes rather than creating your own. If you purchase or download additional themes, request accessibility information from the designers.

Make sure you select a theme that has good contrast and does not contain busy backgrounds, which make text difficult to read.

Set the language for screen readers to read the presentation.

Choose Language & Region from the File > Advanced menu. Choose the language for the presentation.

Use pre-defined slide layouts rather than creating your own.

Click Add Slide and choose an appropriate layout from the drop-down list.

If you want to customize slides, including font and size, colors, etc. make changes to the Master Slides rather than to individual slides.

Click View and Edit Master Slides. Click Edit Master Slides from the dialogue box.

Choose the slide layout you want to edit, and use Keynote’s formatting tools to edit the slide. If you edit text formats and want all text of that type to have the new format, click Update next to the style name.

Use a unique title for each slide. This is easy to see in Outline View.

From the toolbar, click View and then Outline.

Body text should be included in the outline view too.

Add Alt Text to each image, chart, or graph in your presentation.

Click on the image, click Format on the toolbar, then click Image. In the Description field, enter the alt text for the image.

Include extended descriptions on the slide itself.

Make sure any tables you use are accessible.

Select the table. In the Format pane, click on Table. Indicate how many columns and rows contain headers in the table.

Keynote does not have an accessibility checking feature. You could export it to another format (PowerPoint, PDF, HTML) and check its accessibility using PowerPoint’s accessibility checker, Acrobat’s accessibility checker, or the WebAIM Wave accessibility checker (HTML).

Choose Export To from the file menu and select the format you want to use to check the presentation’s accessibility.

• Avoid animations and slide transitions. These are difficult for screen readers.
• Avoid automatic slide transitions. These are difficult for screen readers and other assistive technologies.
• Avoid using text boxes not pre-defined in the theme.
• Provide captions for videos included in a presentation.
• Use a color scheme with a sharp contrast between text and background.
• Make sure text is not too small, especially if the presentation will be displayed on a projector.
• Do not use color as the only way to convey information.

Organize your form in a logical way, by grouping similar questions together and using headings for each section.

If a form is long, choose to spread it over multiple pages. Use a progress bar to indicate progress.

Whenever possible, include options to undo actions or allow the user to confirm their responses in case a user has made an error.

If you are coding a form yourself, ensure every form field has a <label> element.

If you are using a tool like Qualtrics, these tools may include appropriate HTML markup.

Example: HTML Labels

<div>

<label for=”last_name”>Last name:</label>

</div>

Use help text, which can help users know what is being asked and specify a format.

Example: HTML for Help Text

<label for=”Time”>Time</label>

<input type=”text” name=”Time Spent” id=”Time” aria-describedby=”Time-help”>

<span id=”Time-help”>Use decimals instead of time. Example: .25 means 15 minutes, .5 means 30 minutes.</span>

For groups of related fields such as radio buttons or checkboxes, use a <fieldset> element to group them together and a <legend> element to describe them.

Again, tools like Qualtrics may include appropriate HTML markup.

Example: HTML for Buttons

<fieldset>

<legend>Favorite color?</legend>

<div>

<input type=”radio” name=”color” value=”Red” id=”color_red”>

<label for=”color_red”>Red</label>

</div>

<div>

<input type=”radio” name=”color” value=”Green” id=”color_green”>

<label for=”color_green”>Green</label>

</div>

<div>

<input type=”radio” name=”color” value=”Blue” id=”color_blue”>

<label for=”color_blue”>Blue</label>

</div>

</fieldset>

Indicate required elements with the word “required” or a common symbol such as an asterisk.

Never use color alone for emphasis, such as using only red.

Example: HTML for Required Element

<label for=”name”>Name (required): </label>

<input type=”text” name=”name” id=”name” required aria-required=”true”>

Check the linear order of items on the page by tabbing through the items or by using an accessibility checker tool.

Because some people only use a keyboard, ensure all items can be accessed with tabbing or arrow keys, without a mouse.

A recommended tool is the WebAIM WAVE accessibility tool.

• Avoid reset buttons, which can be accidentally selected.
• Avoid CAPTCHA form fields, which are often used to validate if a human is completing the form rather than a bot.
• Avoid using images as buttons. If using them, add alt text.
• Avoid using multiple select menus, which may require users to use Ctrl/Cmd or Shift+Click to select items.
• Avoid jump menus, which may not work in all browsers and may trap users in the menu until they select an option.
• Avoid time limits.

Selecting a theme from the Qualtrics Library will help ensure your form’s theme is accessible to all users.

• Click the Library button. (This defaults to your My Library folder.)
• Click the drop down for your default folder (upper left corner) and select Qualtrics Library.

Some question types are more accessible than others.

Accessible Question Types	Non-Accessible Question Types
Descriptive text Multiple choice (all types) Net Promotor Score Matrix (only rank order, constant sum, text entry, and profile) Text entry (all types) Rank order (only text entry, graphic, and radio) Side by side Constant sum (only text) Drill down Timing Meta info	Matrix (bipolar, maxdiff, likert and any matrix table that is drag-and-drop) Slider Rank order (drag-and-drop and select box) Constant sum (sliders and bars) Pick group and rank Hot spot Heat map Graphic slider Signature Highlight File upload

Organize your form in a logical way, by grouping similar questions together and using headings for each section.

If the form is long, choose to spread the forms over multiple pages. Use a progress bar to indicate progress.

Include options to undo actions or allow user to confirm their responses in case a user has made an error.

Use Auto-Number feature to number your form to help users navigate through your form and keep track of the questions.

• Select Tools from the Survey tab.
• Choose Auto-Number Questions.
• Optional: Change the prefix from Q to something else.

Changing the default survey title gives the user more information about the form and makes it easier to identify. This text appears in the browser as the window or tab title.

• Navigate to the Survey tab and open Survey Options.
• Enter a new Survey Title and press the Save button.

Adding an accessible header to your form lets you insert content at the top of each page. The header is typically used as the form’s title and/or logo.

• Navigate to the Survey tab and open the Look and Feel menu.
• Click the General tab and then click Edit underneath the Header box.
• Click Source in the Header box (brings up the HTML screen) and type your text in between <h1> and </h1>.
  • Here’s an example: <h1>Test Form 1/4/18</h1>
• Click Save.

You must include alt text for any images on your form.

• Insert image into the Rich Content Editor and right click on the image.
• Select Image Properties.
• Enter a short description of your image.
• Click OK.

By default, the Next and Previous buttons appear as “>>” and “<<” to indicate arrows. Changing these to text will help those who use screen readers.

• Go to the Survey tab and open Look & Feel.
• Click the General tab and go to the Next Button Text box; replace arrows with text (e.g., Next).
• Do the same for the Previous Button Text box (replace arrows with Back).
• Click OK.

This feature checks for inaccessible issues and gives recommendations on how to fix them.

• From the Survey tab, click Tools/Review/Check Survey Accessibility.
• Review the list of problems and recommendations.
• Click directly on a recommendation to jump to its location in the survey; make the suggested changes.
• Click Done and move to the next issue.